All 50 states and DC

What languages is the DMV written test offered in?

16 states offer the written test in 10 languages or more, and 9 in 2 to 9. 3 test in English only, 9 offer other languages without listing them and 7 offer only an audio or oral test. 7 states say nothing in the documents on hand. Find your state in the table.

By state

Find your state.

Each state’s row as its own documents state it. A count is the languages the state’s documents name or count, English included where they name it. A dash means the documents on hand say nothing about the test’s languages.

The languages the DMV written test is offered in, by state
StateLanguagesInterpreters
Alabama12 languagesArabic, Chinese, Farsi, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish, Thai, VietnameseNot published
AlaskaSeveral, not listedAllowed
Arizona11 languagesEnglish, German, Vietnamese, Mandarin, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, Italian, French, Tagalog, KoreanNot published
ArkansasAudio or oral test, in EnglishNot published
CaliforniaPublishes nothing on the test’s languagesNot publishedNot published
Colorado2 languagesEnglish, SpanishAllowed
Connecticut35 languagesAlbanian, Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, English, French, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Vietnamese, Amharic Ethiopia, Armenian, Bosnian, Chinese Simplified, Croatian, Dari, German, Greek, Haitian Creole, Hindi, Japanese, Khmer, Korean, Nepali, Pashto, Persian Farsi, Portuguese Brizil, Punjabi, Romanian, Somali, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, UrduNot published
DelawareAudio or oral test, in EnglishNot published
District of Columbia24 languagesEnglish, Amharic, Arabic, Cantonese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Tagalog, Thai, Vietnamese, Turkish, Hungarian, Finnish, Danish, Indonesian, Dutch, Farsi, Italian, SwedishLanguage line available
FloridaEnglish onlyNot published
Georgia26 languagesEnglish, Albanian, Amharic, Arabic, Burmese, Chinese, Dari, Farsi, French, German, Haitian Creole, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Pashto, Portuguese (Brazil), Rohingya, Russian, Spanish, Swahili, Turkish, Urdu, Vietnamese, Wolof, YorubaFor the hearing impaired, by appointment
HawaiiSeveral, not listedEnglish, Spanish and othersNot published
Idaho12 languagesEnglish, Arabic, Chinese, Farsi, French, Korean, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish, Swahili, Vietnamese, American Sign Language (ASL)Not published
IllinoisSeveral, not listedAllowed
Indiana21 languagesArabic, Burmese, Chin, Croatian, French, German, Haitian Creole, Hindi, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin - Simplified Chinese, Polish, Punjabi, Russian, Serbian, Spanish, Swahili, Tagalog, Vietnamese, American Sign Language (ASL)One per customer, ASL translator by appointment
IowaAudio or oral test, in EnglishNot published
KansasPublishes nothing on the test’s languagesNot publishedNot published
Kentucky27 languagesEnglish, Albanian, Arabic, Bosnian, Burmese, Cambodian, Chinese, Croatian, Dari, Farsi, French, German, Hindi, Japanese, Kinyarwanda, Korean, Laotian, Pashto, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Somali, Spanish, Swahili, Thai, Turkish, VietnameseBy appointment
LouisianaNot publishedAllowed (except CDL)
Maine9 languagesArabic, Canadian French, English, French, Lingala, Portuguese, Somali, Spanish, SwahiliProvided at no cost
Maryland17 languagesEnglish, Spanish, American Sign Language, Amharic (Afro-Asiatic language), Arabic, Chinese (Traditional), Farsi, French, Hindi, Korean, Nepali, Portuguese, Russian, Tagalog, Urdu, Vietnamese, Yoruba (West Africa)Allowed, after 5 tries if your language is offered
Massachusetts37 languagesAlbanian, American Sign Language, Arabic, Armenian, Burmese, Cape Verdean Creole, English, Farsi, French, German, Greek, Gujarati, Haitian Creole, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Khmer/Cambodian, Kiswahili, Korean, Laotian, Mandarin (Simplified), Mandarin (Traditional), Nepali, Pashto, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Somali, Spanish, Tagalog, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, VietnameseBy request
MichiganSeveral, not listedAllowed (except CDL)
MinnesotaSeveral, not listedEnglish, American Sign Language (ASL) and othersNot published
MississippiAudio or oral test, in EnglishNot published
MissouriPublishes nothing on the test’s languagesNot publishedNot published
MontanaAudio or oral test, in EnglishNot published
Nebraska3 languagesEnglish, Spanish, American Sign LanguageBefore and after the test, not during
Nevada2 languagesEnglish, SpanishAllowed if you lack English or Spanish
New Hampshire8 languagesEnglish, American Sign Language (ASL), French, Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic, Farsi, Mandarin ChineseNot published
New Jersey14 languagesEnglish, American Sign Language (ASL), Arabic, Chinese, French, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Turkish, Hindi, Albanian, SpanishOnly if your language isn’t offered, after a first try
New Mexico8 languagesEnglish, Spanish, Tagalog, Italian, German, French, Vietnamese, ChineseNot published
New YorkSeveral, not listedEnglish, Spanish and othersNot published
North CarolinaAudio or oral test, in EnglishNot published
North Dakota15 languagesEnglish, Arabic, Spanish, Somali, Russian, Vietnamese, Turkish, Swahili, Nepali, Serbo-Croatian, French, Pashto, Dari, Chinese, American Sign LanguageNot published
Ohio10 languagesAmerican Sign Language (ASL), Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Haitian Creole, Japanese, Russian, Somali, SpanishYour own, by appointment, for other languages
OklahomaEnglish onlyNot published
Oregon8 languagesEnglish, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese (Simplified Mandarin), Japanese, Korean, Russian, VietnameseAllowed
Pennsylvania30 languagesAlbanian, Amharic, Arabic, Bosnian, Burmese, Cambodian, Dari, English, Farsi, French, Greek, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Mandinka, Nepali, Pashto, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Russian, Somali, Spanish, Swahili, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, VietnameseSign language interpreter provided on request
Rhode IslandSeveral, not listedEnglish, Spanish, Portuguese and othersBefore and after the test, not during
South CarolinaPublishes nothing on the test’s languagesNot publishedNot published
South DakotaPublishes nothing on the test’s languagesNot publishedNot published
Tennessee4 languagesEnglish, Spanish, Korean, JapaneseNot allowed, except a sign language interpreter if you’re deaf
Texas2 languagesEnglish, SpanishNot published
UtahSeveral, not listedOnly if your language isn’t offered
VermontPublishes nothing on the test’s languagesNot publishedNot published
Virginia26 languagesEnglish, American Sign Language (ASL), Amharic (Ethiopian), Arabic, Chinese/Mandarin, Chinese/Mandarin (Traditional), Dari, Farsi, French, German, Haitian Creole, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Kurdish, Mongolian, Nepali, Pashto, Punjabi, Russian, Spanish, Thai, Twi (Akan), Turkish, Urdu, VietnameseNot allowed for offered languages
Washington12 languagesEnglish, Español (Spanish), 中文 (Traditional Chinese), 한국어 (Korean), Русский (Russian), Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese), 日本語 (Japanese), العربية (Arabic), 简体中文 (Chinese Simplified), ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਦਾ ਨਾਮ (Punjabi), Tagalog (Tagalog), Українська (Ukrainian)Not published
West VirginiaAudio or oral test, in EnglishAt the DMV’s discretion
WisconsinSeveral, not listedNot published
WyomingEnglish onlyAllowed

A count is the languages the state’s documents name or count, English included where they name it. A dash means the documents on hand say nothing about the test’s languages. Each state’s own sentence is in the sources below.

Checked against each state’s handbook, agency pages and rules on October 29, 2026. The documents’ own sentences are below the table. How we check facts

By languages

From 37 languages to English only.

The states that count their languages, then the ones that test in English only, offer other languages without naming them, or offer only an audio test. The share of the 51 jurisdictions in each group, then the states.

2 to 9 languages

9 states offer the test in 2 to 9 languages

English only

3 states give the test in English only

Other languages, not listed

9 states offer other languages without naming them

Audio or oral test only

7 states offer only an audio or oral test, in English

Not published

7 states say nothing in the documents on hand

Questions

Good to know before your test.

Can you take the permit test in Spanish?

In at least 28 states, whose documents name Spanish: Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and Washington. Another 9 say they offer other languages without listing them, so ask your state. Florida, Oklahoma and Wyoming give the test in English only.

Can you use an interpreter for the written test?

It depends on the state. 24 states publish a rule, from an interpreter the state provides to none allowed at all. The Interpreters column has each one, and the state’s own sentence is below the table.

Which states give the test in English only?

Florida, Oklahoma and Wyoming, by their own documents. Another 7 offer only an audio or oral test, in English: Arkansas, Delaware, Iowa, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina and West Virginia.

Which state offers the most languages?

Massachusetts, with 37 languages named in its documents. 15 more offer 10 or more.

Sources

Where each answer comes from.

Open a state to read the sentences of its handbook, agency pages or rules that give its languages and interpreter rule, each with a link to the document.

Alabama

12 languages · Arabic, Chinese, Farsi, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish, Thai, Vietnamese

The written test is offered in English and 11 other languages.

“Driver License written examinations are available in foreign languages: Arabic, Chinese, Farsi, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish, Thai and Vietnamese.”

Alabama Driver Manual, page 11

If you can’t read the test, an oral version runs on the testing machine.

“Examinations are available for applicants that are unable to read and comprehend the knowledge tests. Oral Examinations may be administered using our automated testing equipment.”

Alabama Driver Manual, page 11
Alabama practice test

Alaska

Several, not listed · Interpreters: allowed

Online, you can take the test in several languages, with audio playback.

“Choose from multiple languages and enable audio playback.”

Alaska Driver Manual, page 12

If you don’t understand English, someone may translate and read the questions to you, but may not help you answer.

“an applicant for a non-commercial driver's license who does not comprehend the English language may have another person translate and read the test questions orally to the applicant; a reader may not aid an applicant in answering or attempting to answer the test questions;”

Alaska DMV, driver licensing rules (2 AAC 90.420)

If you understand English but can’t read well, you may bring someone to read the questions to you.

“If you can understand the English language, but are unable to read or have difficulty reading, you may bring someone who may read the questions to you, but you must independently answer the questions.”

Alaska Driver Manual, page 11
Alaska practice test

Arizona

11 languages · English, German, Vietnamese, Mandarin, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, Italian, French, Tagalog, Korean

The written test is offered in 11 languages.

“The written test is offered in: English German Vietnamese Mandarin Spanish Arabic Russian Italian French Tagalog Korean”

Arizona MVD, permit test page

If your language isn’t offered, you can ask for a verbal test by appointment.

“A customer reads in a foreign language and a written test in the foreign language is not available. Offices conduct verbal tests by appointment.”

Arizona MVD, permit test page

In an office, the test is on a touch screen, and an audio version is available.

“You can also take the permit test at any MVD location. You’ll take the test on a computer using a touch screen (an audio version is available).”

Arizona MVD, permit test page
Arizona practice test

Arkansas

Audio or oral test, in English

An oral test is available, with a computer reading the questions through headphones.

“What is an oral exam? Computer kiosk reads questions and answer through headphones.”

Arkansas State Police, audio testing instructions

To get the oral test, show the examiner your IEP, 504 plan or another professional evaluation.

“How can I receive an oral exam? Present your IEP, 504 Plan or “other” professional evaluation to the Examiner.”

Arkansas State Police, audio testing instructions

You can book an oral test with an examiner as its own appointment type.

“Driver’s License Test for Learning Differences- This appointment type will allow you to schedule an oral test with an examiner.”

Arkansas Driver License Study Guide, page 6
Arkansas practice test

California

Not published

California’s current handbook and agency pages on hand say nothing about the test’s languages.

California practice test

Colorado

2 languages · English, Spanish · Interpreters: allowed

The test is in English and Spanish, and it can read the questions aloud in either.

“@Home Driving Knowledge Tests are available in English and Spanish like those currently offered in-office, and if you have speakers connected to your computer, can be read aloud in English or Spanish by the testing application.”

Colorado DMV, knowledge tests at home page

You may use an interpreter for the written test.

“Applicants may use an interpreter for the written test for a driver’s license, minor’s driver’s license, or instruction permit.”

Colorado DMV, driver’s license rules (1 CCR 204-30), page 5

Your interpreter may only translate the questions and the answer choices.

“Interpreters are only allowed to translate the written questions and possible written answers to the test questions. No other assistance is allowed.”

Colorado DMV, driver’s license rules (1 CCR 204-30), page 5
Colorado practice test

Connecticut

35 languages · Albanian, Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, English, French, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Vietnamese, Amharic Ethiopia, Armenian, Bosnian, Chinese Simplified, Croatian, Dari, German, Greek, Haitian Creole, Hindi, Japanese, Khmer, Korean, Nepali, Pashto, Persian Farsi, Portuguese Brizil, Punjabi, Romanian, Somali, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu

The knowledge test is offered in 11 languages.

“Languages offered for the knowledge test: Albanian, Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, English, French, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Vietnamese.”

Connecticut DMV, knowledge and vision test page

You can also ask for a paper test in 24 more languages.

“Applicants also have the option to request and complete in hard copy format a written knowledge test in these additional languages: Amharic Ethiopia, Armenian, Bosnian, Chinese Simplified, Croatian, Dari, German, Greek, Haitian Creole, Hindi, Japanese, Khmer, Korean, Nepali, Pashto, Persian Farsi, Portuguese Brizil, Punjabi, Romanian, Somali, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, and Urdu.”

Connecticut DMV, knowledge and vision test page
Connecticut practice test

Delaware

Audio or oral test, in English

An audio test with headphones is available on request.

“Audio tests (with headphones) are available upon request.”

Delaware Driver Manual, page 11
Delaware practice test

District of Columbia

24 languages · English, Amharic, Arabic, Cantonese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Tagalog, Thai, Vietnamese, Turkish, Hungarian, Finnish, Danish, Indonesian, Dutch, Farsi, Italian, Swedish · Interpreters: language line available

At a service center, the test is offered in 15 languages, with an audio version if you need help reading.

“The test can be taken in English, Amharic, Arabic, Cantonese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Tagalog, Thai, and Vietnamese. Audio assisted tests are also available to those who need assistance with reading.”

DC DMV, Knowledge Tests page

Since December 15, 2025, 9 more languages are offered.

“In addition to the 15 languages currently available above, District residents may now take the Knowledge Test in Turkish, Hungarian, Finnish, Danish, Indonesian, Dutch, Farsi, Italian, and Swedish.”

DC DMV, Knowledge Tests page

A language line is available if you can’t speak, read or write English well.

“A language line is available to those who cannot (or have limited capacity to) speak, read, or write English.”

DC DMV, Knowledge Tests page
District of Columbia practice test

Florida

English only

The test is in English only.

“Class E knowledge examinations are available in English only.”

FLHSMV, Class E knowledge exam page
Florida practice test

Georgia

26 languages · English, Albanian, Amharic, Arabic, Burmese, Chinese, Dari, Farsi, French, German, Haitian Creole, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Pashto, Portuguese (Brazil), Rohingya, Russian, Spanish, Swahili, Turkish, Urdu, Vietnamese, Wolof, Yoruba · Interpreters: for the hearing impaired, by appointment

The road rules and road signs tests are offered in 26 languages.

“The Road Rules and Road Signs sections of the Non-Commercial knowledge exams are available in the following 26 (twenty-six) languages: English Albanian Amharic Arabic Burmese Chinese Dari Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Italian Japanese Korean Pashto Portuguese (Brazil) Rohingya Russian Spanish Swahili Turkish Urdu Vietnamese Wolof Yoruba”

Georgia DDS, test and exams information page

If you have a reading disability, you can ask for an oral test at a customer service center.

“Customers with reading disabilities can request an oral test at a CSC (schedules vary by location).”

Georgia DDS, test and exams information page

You can book an oral test, or an interpreter if you’re hearing impaired, at your local center.

“Please visit your local CSC to schedule an appointment for an oral exam or to schedule an interpreter for the hearing impaired.”

Georgia Drivers’ Manual, page 13
Georgia practice test

Hawaii

Several, not listed · English, Spanish and others

If you have trouble understanding English, you may be tested in another approved language, if one is available.

“An applicant who has difficulty understanding the English language may be examined in the language chosen from those available and approved by the director in any of the knowledge tests”

Hawaii DOT, driver licensing rules (HAR chapter 19-122), page 24

If you have trouble reading English, you can be tested orally.

“An applicant who has difficulty reading the English language shall be examined orally or by other means deemed appropriate by the director in any of the knowledge tests”

Hawaii DOT, driver licensing rules (HAR chapter 19-122), page 23

Honolulu’s online test is offered in English and Spanish.

“The 30 question test is currently offered in English and Spanish, and has a one hour time limit to complete.”

Honolulu Department of Customer Services, online permit test page
Hawaii practice test

Idaho

12 languages · English, Arabic, Chinese, Farsi, French, Korean, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish, Swahili, Vietnamese, American Sign Language (ASL)

The knowledge test is offered in 12 languages, including American Sign Language.

“The knowledge test is available in English, Arabic, Chinese, Farsi, French, Korean, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish, Swahili, Vietnamese, and American Sign Language (ASL).”

Idaho Driver’s Handbook, page 32
Idaho practice test

Illinois

Several, not listed · Interpreters: allowed

The written test is in English and may be offered in other languages where there is demand.

“d) The written tests set forth in subsections (b) and (c) will be in the English language and may be in any other languages deemed necessary by the Secretary of State, based upon an identifiable demand.”

Illinois Secretary of State, written test rules (92 Ill. Adm. Code 1030.80)

The facility may provide an interpreter if one is available. Otherwise, you bring your own.

“The Driver Services Facility supervisor or designee may provide or recommend use of an interpreter for the applicant's language if an interpreter is readily available. If an interpreter is not readily available, it will be the responsibility of the applicant to obtain the services of an interpreter.”

Illinois Secretary of State, written test rules (92 Ill. Adm. Code 1030.80)

You can ask for an oral test in person, Monday through Thursday, if you have a language barrier or a reading disability.

“Oral examinations (for the written test) can be requested in person at any Secretary of State driver’s license facility, Monday through Thursday. The services are provided for applicants who may have a language barrier or any reading or learning disability.”

Illinois Rules of the Road, page 18
Illinois practice test

Indiana

21 languages · Arabic, Burmese, Chin, Croatian, French, German, Haitian Creole, Hindi, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin - Simplified Chinese, Polish, Punjabi, Russian, Serbian, Spanish, Swahili, Tagalog, Vietnamese, American Sign Language (ASL) · Interpreters: one per customer, ASL translator by appointment

The knowledge test is offered in English and 19 other languages.

“The BMV currently offers the knowledge exam in the following languages: | | عربي (Arabic) | မြန်မာ (Burmese) | Chin | Hrvatski (Croatian) | Français (French) | Deutsch (German) | Kreyòl ayisyen (Haitian Creole) | हिंदी (Hindi) | 日本語 (Japanese) | 한국인 (Korean) | 普通话 (Mandarin - Simplified Chinese) | Polski (Polish) | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi) | Русский (Russian) | Српски (Serbian) | Español (Spanish) | Kiswahili (Swahili) | Tagalog | Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) American Sign Language (ASL)”

Indiana BMV, knowledge exam page

For an ASL translator, book an appointment. The test can’t be taken the same day you book it.

“Customers that require an ASL translator for a knowledge exam or other services may call the BMV's Contact Center at 888-692-6841 to schedule an appointment. Customers can also schedule an appointment for an ASL translator at any branch. However, please be aware that a knowledge exam with an ASL translator cannot be taken on the same day it is scheduled.”

Indiana BMV, knowledge exam page

Only 1 interpreter is allowed per customer.

“Please note: only one interpreter allowed per customer.”

Indiana BMV, knowledge exam page
Indiana practice test

Iowa

Audio or oral test, in English

If you can’t read or understand the written test, you can ask for an oral test.

“604.9(2) Oral test. An applicant who is unable to read or understand a written test may request an oral test. The oral test may be administered by an examiner or by an automated testing device.”

Iowa Administrative Code, license examination rules (761 IAC 604), page 3
Iowa practice test

Kansas

Not published

Kansas’s current handbook and agency pages on hand say nothing about the test’s languages.

Kansas practice test

Kentucky

27 languages · English, Albanian, Arabic, Bosnian, Burmese, Cambodian, Chinese, Croatian, Dari, Farsi, French, German, Hindi, Japanese, Kinyarwanda, Korean, Laotian, Pashto, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Somali, Spanish, Swahili, Thai, Turkish, Vietnamese · Interpreters: by appointment

The written test is offered in 26 languages besides English.

“The written test is available in the following languages: Albanian Kinyarwanda Arabic* Korean Bosnian Laotian Burmese* Pashto Cambodian Polish Chinese* Romanian Croatian Russian Dari Somali* Farsi Spanish* French* Swahili German Thai Hindi Turkish Japanese* Vietnamese”

Kentucky Driver Manual, page 19

Every testing office has tablets that read the test aloud in English and several other languages.

“All testing offices are equipped with tablet devices that will present the test audibly in English and several foreign languages.”

Kentucky Driver Manual, page 19

If you can’t read English, the test can be given orally, but you answer the signs part on your own.

“Tests can be given orally for applicants who cannot read the English language. However, the signs portion of the test must be answered by applicants from their own knowledge and understanding.”

Kentucky Driver Manual, page 19

You need a special appointment for an oral test or an interpreter.

“However, a special appointment will be needed for the test to be orally administered or if an interpreter is needed.”

Kentucky Driver Manual, page 19
Kentucky practice test

Louisiana

Interpreters: allowed (except CDL)

If you don’t understand written English well, you may bring a translator for the written test, except for a CDL.

“If the applicant does not have a good understanding of the written English language they may bring a translator to assist with any class knowledge (written) tests except CDL.”

Louisiana OMV, new licenses page
Louisiana practice test

Maine

9 languages · Arabic, Canadian French, English, French, Lingala, Portuguese, Somali, Spanish, Swahili · Interpreters: provided at no cost

The testing system gives the knowledge test in these 9 languages.

“The BMV digital testing system provides the basic knowledge test in 8 languages: Arabic, Canadian French, English, French, Lingala, Portuguese, Somali, Spanish, and Swahili.”

Maine BMV, driver’s license exam page

Since February 1, 2026, the BMV provides a professional interpreter for the written test at no cost.

“Effective February 1, 2026, the BMV will provide free professional interpreter services to applicants for written exams.”

Maine BMV, driver’s license exam page

If your language isn’t in the system, the BMV provides an interpreter, which can take 4 weeks or more to arrange.

“If the applicant speaks a language our system does not provide, the BMV will provide a free interpreter for the written test. Scheduling for an applicant that requires an interpreter may take 4 weeks or more, depending on interpreter availability.”

Maine BMV, driver’s license exam page
Maine practice test

Maryland

17 languages · English, Spanish, American Sign Language, Amharic (Afro-Asiatic language), Arabic, Chinese (Traditional), Farsi, French, Hindi, Korean, Nepali, Portuguese, Russian, Tagalog, Urdu, Vietnamese, Yoruba (West Africa) · Interpreters: allowed, after 5 tries if your language is offered

The Class C knowledge test is offered in 17 languages, including American Sign Language.

“The noncommercial Class C knowledge test is available in the following languages: English, Spanish, American Sign Language, ​Amharic (Afro-Asiatic language), Arabic, Chinese (Traditional), Farsi, French, Hindi, Korean, Nepali, Portuguese, Russian, Tagalog, Urdu, Vietnamese, and Yoruba (West Africa). The Maryland Drivers' Manual is available online in these languages.​ The Maryland Driver's Manual is also available online in these languages.”

Maryland MVA, knowledge tests page

Spoken language interpreters are allowed for noncommercial tests.

“Spoken language interpreters are permitted for noncommercial license tests.”

Maryland MVA, knowledge tests page

If the test is offered in your language, you must take it at least 5 times before using an interpreter.

“If we offer the knowledge test in the language that you speak, you must take it at least 5 times before using an interpreter.”

Maryland Driver’s Manual, page 12

The MVA charges nothing for using an interpreter, but you pay the interpreter.

“NOTE: The MVA does not charge a fee for using an interpreter. However, you will have to pay the interpreter for their services.”

Maryland Driver’s Manual, page 12
Maryland practice test

Massachusetts

37 languages · Albanian, American Sign Language, Arabic, Armenian, Burmese, Cape Verdean Creole, English, Farsi, French, German, Greek, Gujarati, Haitian Creole, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Khmer/Cambodian, Kiswahili, Korean, Laotian, Mandarin (Simplified), Mandarin (Traditional), Nepali, Pashto, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Somali, Spanish, Tagalog, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, Vietnamese · Interpreters: by request

The learner’s permit test is offered in 37 languages, including American Sign Language.

“The exam is available in the following languages: Albanian, American Sign Language, Arabic, Armenian, Burmese, Cape Verdean Creole, English, Farsi, French, German, Greek, Gujarati, Haitian Creole, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Khmer/Cambodian, Kiswahili, Korean, Laotian, Mandarin (Simplified), Mandarin (Traditional), Nepali, Pashto, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Somali, Spanish, Tagalog, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, and Vietnamese.”

Massachusetts RMV, learner’s permit page

To have the test read in another language, email RMV Interpreter Services to arrange it.

“Class D/M exams are available in 37 languages; to request an oral exam to be delivered in a foreign language, please email RMV Interpreter Services at rtinterpreters@dot.state.ma.us to begin the process.”

Massachusetts RMV, learner’s permit page

Audio versions are available in every listed language.

“Audio exams are available in all the languages listed above for Class D and M exams, and in English only for CDL exams (per federal regulation).”

Massachusetts Driver’s Manual, page 25
Massachusetts practice test

Michigan

Several, not listed · Interpreters: allowed (except CDL)

The knowledge test is offered in many languages.

“Knowledge tests are available in many languages.”

What Every Driver Must Know, page 21

A foreign language interpreter may be used on any written test except a CDL knowledge test.

“Foreign language interpreters may be used on all written tests, except CDL knowledge tests.”

What Every Driver Must Know, page 21

The tests come in many languages, on screen, on paper or in audio.

“Original driver’s license tests are available in many foreign languages in electronic, paper, or audio formats.”

What Every Driver Must Know, page 91
Michigan practice test

Minnesota

Several, not listed · English, American Sign Language (ASL) and others

On a computer, you can take the test in English, several other languages or American Sign Language, with headphones to hear the questions.

“At exam stations offering the test on a computer, you can take it in English, several other languages or in American Sign Language (ASL). Headphones are available to hear the questions as you read them.”

Minnesota Driver’s Manual, page 13
Minnesota practice test

Mississippi

Audio or oral test, in English

If you have trouble reading, the computer test has a headset and reads the questions and answers aloud.

“The Computerized Exam includes a headset, and the machine will read the questions and answers aloud for you.”

Mississippi Driver’s License Manual, page 17
Mississippi practice test

Missouri

Not published

Missouri’s current handbook and agency pages on hand say nothing about the test’s languages.

Missouri practice test

Montana

Audio or oral test, in English

If you can’t read, the examiner reads the road rules questions to you, and you identify the signs yourself.

“(2) Illiterates must be examined orally by having the examiner state the questions on the Road Rules Test, and by having the applicant identify the signs on the Sign Test.”

Montana MVD, written test rule (ARM 23.3.121)
Montana practice test

Nebraska

3 languages · English, Spanish, American Sign Language · Interpreters: before and after the test, not during

The written and audio tests are in English, Spanish and American Sign Language.

“Tests are available in the following formats: written (on a testing tablet), audio and non-verbal. The written and audio version is available in English, Spanish and American Sign Language.”

Nebraska DMV, driver license examiner manual, page 32

If your main language isn’t English or Spanish, you can ask for the non-verbal test.

“The non-verbal written test is designed for applicants whose primary language is not English or Spanish or individuals who have difficulty understanding or reading English or Spanish, may request and be administered the non-verbal test.”

Nebraska DMV, driver license examiner manual, page 32

If you’re deaf or hard of hearing, an interpreter may explain instructions before or after the test, but not during it.

“Deaf or hard of hearing applicants may use an interpreter to understand instructions prior to or after any written or drive tests.”

Nebraska DMV, driver license examiner manual, page 161

Because the written test comes in American Sign Language, no interpreter may help while you take it.

“The Class O written test is now available in American Sign Language so no interpreter can assist when the applicant is taking the written test.”

Nebraska DMV, driver license examiner manual, page 161
Nebraska practice test

Nevada

2 languages · English, Spanish · Interpreters: allowed if you lack English or Spanish

The test is offered in English and Spanish, and in an audio format.

“Available in English, Spanish, and audio format”

Nevada DMV, written knowledge test page

If you have trouble reading the written test, you can ask for an oral test. The Class C test is also in Spanish.

“If you have problems reading or understanding the written test, you may request an oral examination. Testing for the Basic Class C license and motorcycle license is also available in Spanish.”

Nevada Driver’s Handbook, page 12

If you lack English or Spanish skills, you may use an interpreter for the written test.

“An applicant who has a lack of English or Spanish language skills may use an interpreter during a written examination for a non-commercial driver’s license, driver authorization card or instruction permit.”

Nevada DMV, written knowledge test page

You pay any interpreter fees.

“The applicant is responsible for any interpreter fees”

Nevada DMV, written knowledge test page
Nevada practice test

New Hampshire

8 languages · English, American Sign Language (ASL), French, Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic, Farsi, Mandarin Chinese

The automated test is offered in 8 languages, written and spoken, including American Sign Language.

“Automated testing is also available in the following languages in both written and audible formats: English American Sign Language (ASL) French Spanish Portuguese Arabic Farsi Mandarin Chinese”

New Hampshire Driver’s Manual, page 8

Anyone can ask for the spoken test with headphones. Tell the staff before you start.

“Automated oral testing with the use of headphones is available for anyone requiring this service. The applicant should notify the customer service representative prior to taking the test if they wish to take advantage of this feature.”

New Hampshire Driver’s Manual, page 8
New Hampshire practice test

New Jersey

14 languages · English, American Sign Language (ASL), Arabic, Chinese, French, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Turkish, Hindi, Albanian, Spanish · Interpreters: only if your language isn’t offered, after a first try

The knowledge test is offered in 14 languages, including American Sign Language, with headphones for an oral test if you can’t read.

“The MVC offers the knowledge test in English, American Sign Language (ASL), and these foreign languages: Arabic, Chinese, French, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Turkish, Hindi, Albanian, and Spanish. If the applicant cannot read in any language, headphones are supplied to administer an oral test.”

New Jersey Driver Manual, page 32

If your language isn’t offered, you may use a state-approved interpreter, but only after trying the test in an offered language.

“If the knowledge test is not available in your native language you may use a state-approved interpreter, however, you must first attempt to complete the knowledge test in an offered language.”

New Jersey Driver Manual, page 32

If you’re deaf or hard of hearing, the MVC provides and pays for an approved interpreter.

“MVC-approved interpreters are also provided for Deaf or Hard of Hearing applicants. The MVC will pay the interpreter’s fees directly associated with the knowledge test after submission of a properly completed payment voucher form.”

New Jersey Driver Manual, page 32
New Jersey practice test

New Mexico

8 languages · English, Spanish, Tagalog, Italian, German, French, Vietnamese, Chinese

The knowledge test is offered in 8 languages.

“Knowledge exams are available in English, Spanish, Tagalog, Italian, German, French, Vietnamese, and Chinese. Currently, there are no plans to add additional languages.”

New Mexico MVD, road and written test requirements
New Mexico practice test

New York

Several, not listed · English, Spanish and others

The Class D knowledge test is offered in several languages, on a touch screen or on paper.

“Class D knowledge tests are offered in multiple languages and can be taken via touch screen test stations or on paper.”

New York State Driver’s Manual, page 10

At participating high schools, the online version is given in English and Spanish.

“The test is given in an easy-to-use format and is offered in English and Spanish.”

New York State Driver’s Manual, page 10
New York practice test

North Carolina

Audio or oral test, in English

If you have trouble reading, you can ask for an audio test.

“Audio tests are available, upon request, for those who have difficulty reading.”

North Carolina Driver Handbook, page 11

The audio version lets you listen to the questions through earphones.

“An audio component allows applicants with reading comprehension difficulties to listen to the test questions by use of earphones.”

NCDMV, driver’s license exam rule (19A NCAC 03B .0201)
North Carolina practice test

North Dakota

15 languages · English, Arabic, Spanish, Somali, Russian, Vietnamese, Turkish, Swahili, Nepali, Serbo-Croatian, French, Pashto, Dari, Chinese, American Sign Language

The Class D knowledge test is offered in 14 languages.

“The noncommercial (Class D) knowledge test is offered in English, Arabic, Spanish, Somali, Russian, Vietnamese, Turkish, Swahili, Nepali, Serbo-Croatian, French, Pashto, Dari and Chinese.”

North Dakota Noncommercial Driver License Manual, page 5

Automated American Sign Language and audio tests are available at 8 driver license offices.

“Automated American Sign Language and Audio testing is available at the Fargo, Jamestown, Bismarck, Dickinson, Williston, Minot, Devils Lake, and Grand Forks driver license offices.”

North Dakota Noncommercial Driver License Manual, page 5
North Dakota practice test

Ohio

10 languages · American Sign Language (ASL), Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Haitian Creole, Japanese, Russian, Somali, Spanish · Interpreters: your own, by appointment, for other languages

The knowledge test is offered in 10 languages, including American Sign Language.

“The test is 40 multiple-choice questions (with a 75% passage rate needed) and is available in American Sign Language (ASL), Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Haitian Creole, Japanese, Russian, Somali, and Spanish.”

Ohio Driver Manual, page 2

For any other language, you may bring your own interpreter by booking an appointment at a testing station.

“You may use your own interpreter for all other languages by scheduling an appointment at a Driver Exam Station only.”

Ohio Driver Manual, page 2

You can ask for an audio test, a paper test or an ASL test at the testing station.

“Accommodations available upon request at the Driver Exam Station include an audio knowledge test, printed paper knowledge test, American Sign Language knowledge test, and visual instructions during driving test (exclusive to individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing).”

Ohio Driver Manual, page 3
Ohio practice test

Oklahoma

English only

The written test is only available in English.

“At this time, the written test is only available in English.”

Service Oklahoma, written knowledge test page

An oral test is given on request, and an appointment may be needed.

“An oral test will be given on request (an appointment may be required).”

Oklahoma Driver Manual, page 9
Oklahoma practice test

Oregon

8 languages · English, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese (Simplified Mandarin), Japanese, Korean, Russian, Vietnamese · Interpreters: allowed

The test can be read and heard in 8 languages.

“The test can be read and heard in the following languages: ​English Spanish Arabic Chinese (Simplified Mandarin) Japanese Korean Russian Vietnamese”

Oregon DMV, instruction permit page

No one else may be in the test area unless you need a translator.

“No-one else in the test area, unless you need a translator.”

Oregon DMV, instruction permit page

In an office, the test is on a touch screen in several languages, with or without audio.

“Knowledge tests are given on a touch-screen monitor. The test is available in several languages, with or without audio assistance.”

Oregon Driver Manual, page 10
Oregon practice test

Pennsylvania

30 languages · Albanian, Amharic, Arabic, Bosnian, Burmese, Cambodian, Dari, English, Farsi, French, Greek, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Mandinka, Nepali, Pashto, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Russian, Somali, Spanish, Swahili, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, Vietnamese · Interpreters: sign language interpreter provided on request

The knowledge test is given in writing or audio in 30 languages, on request, at every Driver License Center.

“The knowledge test can be given in both written and audio format in the following languages: Albanian, Amharic, Arabic, Bosnian, Burmese, Cambodian, Dari, English, Farsi, French, Greek, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Mandinka, Nepali, Pashto, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Russian, Somali, Spanish, Swahili, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu and Vietnamese, upon request, at all Driver License Centers across the commonwealth.”

PennDOT, online Driver’s Manual, chapter 1

If you’re hearing impaired and use sign language, PennDOT provides an interpreter on request.

“PennDOT's Bureau of Driver Licensing will provide an interpreter upon request for individuals who are hearing impaired and communicate through the use of sign language.”

Pennsylvania Driver’s Manual, page 95
Pennsylvania practice test

Rhode Island

Several, not listed · English, Spanish, Portuguese and others · Interpreters: before and after the test, not during

The computer test is given in English, Spanish and Portuguese.

“Computerized knowledge exams are administered in English, Spanish and Portuguese.”

Rhode Island DMV, Knowledge Exams page

You can ask for a printed test in another language, scheduled in advance.

“Applicants may request to take the knowledge exam (in a printed format) in a foreign language. Foreign language exams will need to be scheduled in advance to allow DMV time to prepare the test as requested.”

Rhode Island DMV, Knowledge Exams page

For a foreign language test, bring someone who can translate for you before and after the test.

“Be accompanied by someone that can translate for them BEFORE and AFTER the test.”

Rhode Island DMV, Knowledge Exams page

The test is available in other languages on request.

“The exam is available in other languages upon request.”

Rhode Island Driver’s Manual, page 11
Rhode Island practice test

South Carolina

Not published

South Carolina’s current handbook and agency pages on hand say nothing about the test’s languages.

South Carolina practice test

South Dakota

Not published

South Dakota’s current handbook and agency pages on hand say nothing about the test’s languages.

South Dakota practice test

Tennessee

4 languages · English, Spanish, Korean, Japanese · Interpreters: not allowed, except a sign language interpreter if you’re deaf

Centers with computer testing also offer the test in Spanish, Korean or Japanese.

“Our Driver Service Centers that have the computerized testing are also currently able to offer the test in 3 alternate language formats of Spanish, Korean or Japanese.”

Tennessee Comprehensive Driver License Manual, page 35

Online, the test is in English or Spanish.

“The knowledge test language options are English and Spanish.”

Tennessee Department of Safety and Homeland Security, online knowledge test page

Interpreters are not allowed to help with any driver license test.

“Interpreters are NOT allowed to assist with any of the driver license testing.”

Tennessee Comprehensive Driver License Manual, page 35

If you’re deaf and ask for an oral test, the department provides a certified sign language interpreter.

“In the event the applicant requesting an oral test is deaf, the Department of Safety will furnish a certified sign language interpreter to assist with the administration of the exam.”

Tennessee Comprehensive Driver License Manual, page 35

Oral tests are given by appointment at selected centers if you have a learning disability or can’t read.

“Oral tests are available by appointment at selected Driver License Service Centers for applicants who have a learning disability or cannot read.”

Tennessee Comprehensive Driver License Manual, page 35
Tennessee practice test

Texas

2 languages · English, Spanish

The written and oral tests are offered in English and Spanish only.

“Written and oral examinations will be offered in English and Spanish only. Oral tests will be administered when actually needed.”

Texas Department of Public Safety, knowledge examination rule (37 TAC 15.52)
Texas practice test

Utah

Several, not listed · Interpreters: only if your language isn’t offered

You may take the written test in your language if it’s available. If not, find an interpreter.

“You may take the written knowledge test in your language, if available. If unavailable, search for an Interpreter.”

Utah Driver License Division, original license page
Utah practice test

Vermont

Not published

Vermont’s current handbook and agency pages on hand say nothing about the test’s languages.

Vermont practice test

Virginia

26 languages · English, American Sign Language (ASL), Amharic (Ethiopian), Arabic, Chinese/Mandarin, Chinese/Mandarin (Traditional), Dari, Farsi, French, German, Haitian Creole, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Kurdish, Mongolian, Nepali, Pashto, Punjabi, Russian, Spanish, Thai, Twi (Akan), Turkish, Urdu, Vietnamese · Interpreters: not allowed for offered languages

The knowledge test is offered in 26 languages, including American Sign Language.

“With the exception of the CDL HAZMAT knowledge exam (available only in English), the Driver, CDL and Motorcycle knowledge exams are available in the following languages: English American Sign Language (ASL) Amharic (Ethiopian) Arabic Chinese/Mandarin Chinese/Mandarin (Traditional) Dari Farsi French German Haitian Creole Italian Japanese Korean Kurdish Mongolian Nepali Pashto Punjabi Russian Spanish Thai Twi (Akan) Turkish Urdu Vietnamese”

Virginia DMV, knowledge exam page

An audio version exists, and because the test comes in many languages and ASL, translators may not be used for an offered language.

“An audio version of the exam is available and the exam is offered in many different languages and American Sign Language. Therefore, translators may not be used for tests in offered languages.”

Virginia Driver’s Manual, page 5

Oral tests are available on request at every customer service center.

“Oral exams are also available by request at all DMV customer service centers.”

Virginia DMV, knowledge exam page
Virginia practice test

Washington

12 languages · English, Español (Spanish), 中文 (Traditional Chinese), 한국어 (Korean), Русский (Russian), Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese), 日本語 (Japanese), العربية (Arabic), 简体中文 (Chinese Simplified), ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਦਾ ਨਾਮ (Punjabi), Tagalog (Tagalog), Українська (Ukrainian)

The knowledge test is offered in 12 languages.

“The knowledge test is available in 12 languages: English Español (Spanish) <中文 (Traditional Chinese) 한국어 (Korean) Русский (Russian) Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) 日本語 (Japanese) العربية (Arabic) 简体中文 (Chinese Simplified) ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਦਾ ਨਾਮ (Punjabi) Tagalog (Tagalog) Українська (Ukrainian)”

Washington DOL, driver license tests page

Check that your driver training school offers the test in the language you need.

“Check with your driver training school to make sure they offer the knowledge test in the language you need.”

Washington DOL, driver license tests page
Washington practice test

West Virginia

Audio or oral test, in English · Interpreters: at the DMV’s discretion

If you have trouble reading, an audio version with headphones is available.

“Audio versions of the knowledge examination are available for the reading impaired. The test is administered with headphones.”

West Virginia Driver’s Licensing Handbook, page 34

You can take the test orally with a headset, and the DMV may let you use a translator.

“An applicant may test orally with a headset via the Division’s software program. At the Division’s discretion, the applicant may use a translator.”

West Virginia DMV, driver’s license exam rules (91 CSR 4)
West Virginia practice test

Wisconsin

Several, not listed

The knowledge and signs tests come with audio and in many languages. The DMV website lists them.

“The knowledge and signs tests are available with audio. These tests are also available in many different languages. Visit our website for a list of languages we offer.”

Wisconsin Motorists’ Handbook, page 58
Wisconsin practice test

Wyoming

English only · Interpreters: allowed

All tests are in English only, so if you can’t speak or write English, you may use an interpreter.

“All tests are given in English only, so if a person cannot speak or write the English language, an interpreter may be used.”

Rules of the Road: State of Wyoming Driver License Manual, page 9

English is the only test language, and you may use an interpreter for a non-commercial written test.

“NOTE: English is the only language that Wyoming tests are given in. All manuals are only printed in English, as well. If you cannot speak English, you may use an interpreter for non-commercial written tests.”

WYDOT, testing page

If you have trouble reading, you can hear the questions through a phone at the testing station.

“Oral Tests: Wyoming's automated testing system allows for applicants who have difficulty reading to hear the questions orally through a phone system.”

WYDOT, testing page
Wyoming practice test

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